Catalysts are essential in the chemical industry, speeding up reactions without being consumed, which enhances process efficiency and reduces energy consumption. There are two main types: heterogeneous, used in most industrial processes, and homogeneous, which dissolve in the reaction mixture. Catalysts are applied in a range of industries, including petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and environmental management, helping to produce key materials, reduce emissions, and improve energy efficiency. While catalysts offer benefits like increased efficiency, selectivity, and reduced costs, challenges such as deactivation, optimization, and safety risks remain. Ongoing research aims to develop more efficient, selective, and environmentally friendly catalysts, ensuring their continued importance in the industry's sustainable future.