Additionally, evolving fields in medicine and dentistry involve photobiomodulation (PBM) and low-level laser therapy (LLLT). In PBM, lasers are used to initiate a photochemical effect on a cellular level, without thermal or ablative characteristics. The majority of studies use diode lasers and attribute positive clinical changes to stimulation of mitochondrial cytochromes, eliciting increased cellular metabolism and improved cell viability. While more studies are needed, there is sufficient literature to support PBM in the treatment of oral mucositis -- which is of interest to clinicians who manage patients undergoing radiation or chemotherapy.