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Discover which spine conditions commonly require surgical treatment, including herniated discs, spinal stenosis, scoliosis, spinal cord compression, and degenerative disc disease. Learn when back or neck pain may need surgery, how doctors determine the right treatment approach, and the most common procedures such as laminectomy, discectomy, microdiscectomy, spinal fusion surgery, artificial disc replacement, and minimally invasive spine surgery. This guide explains symptoms, causes, benefits, risks, and recovery considerations while helping patients understand their spinal treatment options for better long-term spinal health.