Transverse electromagnetic waves are transmitted through a coaxial cable from the transmitter to the other end of the cable. When the outer conductor of the cable is completely closed, the signal transmitted by the cable is completely shielded from the outside world, and there is no electromagnetic field outside the cable, or electromagnetic radiation can not be measured. Similarly, the external electromagnetic field will not affect the signal inside the cable.

However, a portion of the electromagnetic energy transmitted in the coaxial cable is sent to the outside environment through a slot in the outer conductor. In the same way, external energy can be transferred into the cable. The grooves in the outer conductors couple the electromagnetic field inside the cable with the external electric waves.

A typical example of a leaky cable is a coaxial cable with a woven outer conductor. Most of the energy is transmitted in the cable in the form of internal waves. However, surface waves are generated at locations where the outer conductor is not well covered, which propagate outward in the forward or reverse direction along the cable and interact with each other.

The quality of radio communication signals usually varies greatly due to the fluctuation of the electrical wave level outside the cable. The mode and environment of cable laying also affect the radiation effect of cable. Longitudinal attenuation constant and coupling loss are the main indexes of the electrical performance of the leaking coaxial cable.

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