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Saudi Arabia's severe weather and water scarcity are the primary problems affecting the alfalfa hay sector. Large-scale alfalfa production requires a lot of water, which makes it difficult to sustain in a region like Saudi Arabia where water is scarce. This leads to worries about food security and reliance on outside sources as the nation's demands for alfalfa hay are largely supplied by imports. There is more uncertainty around Saudi Arabia's imports of alfalfa hay as a result of shifts in the dynamics of the global market, particularly with regard to commodity prices and availability.