One of the biggest challenges is the ageing infrastructure in the area. Many rail lines, bridges, tunnels, and similar structures that were constructed decades ago now require extensive maintenance and renovation in order to meet safety regulations and the expanding demands for both freight and passenger transit. Acquiring enough capital and funding is another major issue. The expense of updating and maintaining rail infrastructure is high, yet funding these projects adequately is challenging due to conflicting priorities and a lack of government resources. The lack of opportunities for private investment, especially on less lucrative or rural routes, makes infrastructure development even more challenging.