Investment risks in London include: https://cifa.ac/home/bundle/Introduction-to-the-FCAPRA-Investment-Risks/8 Market Risk: Volatility in equity, bond, and currency markets can impact investments. Economic & Political Risk: Factors like Brexit, changes in UK monetary policy, and global events affect market stability. Regulatory Risk: Shifting regulations, particularly post-Brexit, and changes in tax policies can influence investment outcomes. Credit Risk: The risk of corporate or government defaults affecting debt securities. Liquidity Risk: Difficulty in buying/selling assets at favorable prices during market stress. Real Estate Risk: Fluctuations in property values, especially in commercial real estate, can affect returns. Alternative Investment Risk: Illiquid investments, like private equity or cryptocurrency, can be volatile and harder to value. ESG Risk: Increasing focus on environmental, social, and governance factors, especially around climate change. Cybersecurity Risk: Financial institutions in London are vulnerable to cyberattacks, which could disrupt markets. Systemic Risk: Interconnectedness of major financial institutions means a failure in one can lead to broader instability.